Revision GS3: Biotechnology, Robotics,Nanotech,Space,Agro (2023)

FAQs

What is nano technology Upsc? ›

Nanotechnology is the use and the developments of techniques to study physical phenomena and develop new material and devices structures in the physical size range from 1 to 100 nanometres (nm).

Nanotechnology, the manipulation and assembly of tiny devices often not much larger than a group of molecules, is a perfect application for industrial robotics.

Robots are widely used in manufacturing, assembly and packing, transport, earth and space exploration, surgery, weaponry, laboratory research, and mass production of consumer and industrial goods.

Robots eliminate dangerous jobs for humans because they are capable of working in hazardous environments. They can handle lifting heavy loads, toxic substances and repetitive tasks. This has helped companies to prevent many accidents, also saving time and money.

The American physicist and Nobel Prize laureate Richard Feynman introduce the concept of nanotechnology in 1959. During the annual meeting of the American Physical Society, Feynman presented a lecture entitled “There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom” at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech).

The "Father of Indian Nanotechnology" Prof. C.N.R. Rao just unveiled the inaugural edition. The Government of India started the National Nano Mission just about a year and half ago.

Nanotechnology: a small solution to big problems. Invisible particles that fight cancer cells, faster microprocessors that consume less energy, batteries that last 10 times longer or solar panels that yield twice as much energy.

Major nanotech discoveries, such as carbon nanotubes, were made throughout the 1990s. By the early 2000s, nanomaterials were being used in consumer products from sports equipment to digital cameras. Modern nanotechnology may be quite new, but nanometer-scale materials have been used for centuries.

Potential uses for nanorobotics in medicine include early diagnosis and targeted drug-delivery for cancer, biomedical instrumentation, surgery, pharmacokinetics, monitoring of diabetes, and health care.

The six most common types of robots are autonomous mobile robots (AMRs), automated guided vehicles (AGVs), articulated robots, humanoids, cobots, and hybrids.

Is Robotic the future? ›

Robots will increase economic growth and productivity and create new career opportunities for many people worldwide. However, there are still warnings out there about massive job losses, forecasting losses of 20 million manufacturing jobs by 2030, or how 30% of all jobs could be automated by 2030.

A basic typical robot has a movable physical structure, a motor of some sort, a sensor system, a power supply and a computer "brain" that controls all of these elements. Essentially, robots are human-made versions of animal life — they are machines that replicate human and animal behavior.

The earliest robots as we know them were created in the early 1950s by George C. Devol, an inventor from Louisville, Kentucky. He invented and patented a reprogrammable manipulator called "Unimate," from "Universal Automation." For the next decade, he attempted to sell his product in the industry, but did not succeed.

Robot arms move through the action of rotating and sliding joints, while mobile robots move through locomotion and steering. Robot tasks, on the other hand, are done with tools (end effectors) on the robot. Tasks may be manipulative, as when using a gripper, or they may be sensory, as when positioning a camera.

Nano is a prefix meaning "extremely small." When quantifiable, it translates to one-billionth, as in the nanosecond . Nano comes from the Greek word "nanos," meaning "dwarf."

Due to the popularity and media exposure of the term nanotechnology, the words picotechnology and femtotechnology have been coined in analogy to it, although these are only used rarely and informally.

Just how small is “nano?” In the International System of Units, the prefix "nano" means one-billionth, or 10^-9; therefore one nanometer is one-billionth of a meter. It's difficult to imagine just how small that is, so here are some examples: A sheet of paper is about 100,000 nanometers thick.

It is generally acknowledged that the term nanotechnology was first used by the late Professor Norio Taniguchi of the Tokyo Science University in a paper, “On the Basic Concept of 'Nanotechnology'”, presented at a meeting of the Japan Society of Precision Engineering in 1974.

Nano-Theory Coordinator: Tsuyoshi Miyazaki. Understanding phenomena in the nanospace region, predicting new phenomena and creating novel nanostructured materials. Nanospace is a world in which common sense does not apply, where extremely small atoms are in motion, and electrons fly about in an even smaller space.

Nanotechnology helps to improve vehicle fuel efficiency. The vehicle parts which are made from nanocomposite materials are lighter, stronger, and more chemically resistant comparing to metal. Nanoparticles in fabrics are stain, water, and flame resistance.

Why nanotechnology is the future? ›

Nanotechnology can change dental medicine, healthcare, and human life more profoundly than several developments of the past. However, they even have the potential to evoke important advantages, like improved health, higher use of natural resources, and reduced environmental pollution.

Out of three human studies, only one showed a passage of inhaled nanoparticles into the bloodstream. Materials which by themselves are not very harmful could be toxic if they are inhaled in the form of nanoparticles. The effects of inhaled nanoparticles in the body may include lung inflammation and heart problems.

Nano-engineered materials make superior household products such as degreasers and stain removers; environmental sensors, air purifiers, and filters; antibacterial cleansers; and specialized paints and sealing products, such a self-cleaning house paints that resist dirt and marks.

The most commonly used nanoparticle in foods is titanium dioxide. It's used to make foods such as yogurt and coconut flakes look as white as possible, provide opacity to other food colorings, and prevent ingredients from caking up. Nanotech isn't just about aesthetics, however.

Without knowing these fundamentals in some detail, it is hard to understand how to use nanoscience to create valuable products. All these, however, can be very difficult to cram into a limited curricula.

Nanorobots are even more minute — smaller than a millionth of a metre, or about a 100^th the width of a hair. In other words, microrobots are roughly bacteria sized, while nanorobots are about the size of a virus.

Nanobots can be produced using organic materials such as proteins and polynucleotides, or inorganic materials such as metals or diamond. In the case of diamond, this stands out for its high strength and high performance.

They are basically metals broken into very, very tiny particles that are measured in billionths of a meter, called nanometers. Nanoparticles are used in food for several reasons: to keep food fresh for longer periods, to color and thicken processed food, or to add nutrients.

Nanotechnology is helping to considerably improve, even revolutionize, many technology and industry sectors: information technology, homeland security, medicine, transportation, energy, food safety, and environmental science, among many others.

Nanotechnology is the term given to those areas of science and engineering where phenomena that take place at dimensions in the nanometre scale are utilised in the design, characterisation, production and application of materials, structures, devices and systems.

What is nanotechnology short notes? ›

Nanotechnology refers to the branch of science and engineering devoted to designing, producing, and using structures, devices, and systems by manipulating atoms and molecules at nanoscale, i.e. having one or more dimensions of the order of 100 nanometres (100 millionth of a millimetre) or less.

Definition. Nanobiotechnology is a discipline in which tools from nanotechnology are developed and applied to study biological phenomena. For example, nanoparticles can serve as probes, sensors or vehicles for biomolecule delivery in cellular systems.

1. Naturally occurring nanoparticles (NNPs) are often present in all spheres of the Earth (i.e., in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and even in the biosphere), irrespective of human activities.

1.7 Conclusions

In summary, nanotechnology requires the measurement, prediction, and fabrication of matter on the scale of atoms and molecules. It is hoped that atomic-scale nanotechnology will have a revolutionary impact on the way we do, design, and produce things in the future.

The development of more effective energy-producing, energy-absorbing, and energy storage products in smaller and more efficient devices is possible with this technology. Such items like batteries, fuel cells, and solar cells can be built smaller but can be made to be more effective with this technology.

Without knowing these fundamentals in some detail, it is hard to understand how to use nanoscience to create valuable products. All these, however, can be very difficult to cram into a limited curricula.

Nanosensors, dramatically improved high-performance materials, or highly efficient propulsion systems are but a few examples. The applications of nanotechnology and nanomaterials can be found in many cosmetic products including moisturisers, hair care products, make up and sunscreen.

The applications of nanotechnology, commonly incorporate industrial, medicinal, and energy uses. These include more durable construction materials, therapeutic drug delivery, and higher density hydrogen fuel cells that are environmentally friendly.

NE students' unique collection of skills and attributes make them an excellent fit for employment in many sectors. Co-op NE students work in a variety of roles, often making notable contributions to their workplace.

Out of three human studies, only one showed a passage of inhaled nanoparticles into the bloodstream. Materials which by themselves are not very harmful could be toxic if they are inhaled in the form of nanoparticles. The effects of inhaled nanoparticles in the body may include lung inflammation and heart problems.